A Detailed Look at Dremel Models for Collectors
Intro
In the fascinating world of rock and fossil collecting, enthusiasts tap into the wonders of the Earth, uncovering treasures hidden beneath the surface. Whether you’re just starting or have been at it for years, the right tools can make a world of difference in your collecting experience. One such tool that has become indispensable for many collectors is the Dremel rotary tool. It’s versatile and offers various models to cater to different needs, making it an essential companion for preserving and displaying your finds. This guide will help navigate the array of Dremel options available, ensuring that you can select the best fit for your specific collecting journey.
Rock and Fossil Identification
Identifying rocks and fossils is the cornerstone of any successful collection. To gather your specimens effectively, knowing the varieties you may encounter is crucial.
Types of Rocks and Fossils
There are primarily three categories of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Each type has its own distinct features.
- Igneous Rocks: Formed from the solidification of molten rock, these can be found in areas with volcanic activity. Look for shiny surfaces and gas bubbles, indicating rapid cooling.
- Sedimentary Rocks: Made from particles that have settled over time. You might notice layers and fossil imprints – a telltale sign of once-containing life.
- Metamorphic Rocks: Resulting from changes in pressure and temperature, these often appear banded or foliate.
When it comes to fossils, they vary wildly, from bone fragments to plant impressions. Understanding these differences will help broaden your field of knowledge and enhance your collection.
Characteristics to Look For
In identifying rocks and fossils, observing key characteristics is essential.
- Color: While not a definitive guide, the hue can hint at mineral content.
- Texture: Whether rough or smooth, the texture can tell you much about a rock’s formation and age.
- Weight: Heftier rocks may point toward denser materials.
Keep a keen eye out for unique markings – they can reveal a lot about a specimen's origin.
Tools for Identification
Using the right tools makes identifying these wonders much easier. A Dremel tool can be invaluable, especially with specific attachments:
- Diamond bits: For intricate detailing and making clean cuts.
- Sanding drums: To smooth out rough edges and shapes.
Recommended Resources
For further reading, consider visiting:Encyclopedia Britannica for in-depth content or checking out Reddit communities where fellow collectors share their experiences.
Finding joy in the journey of identification not only enhances your understanding of geology but also builds a profound connection to the artifacts of Earth’s history.
Intro to Dremel Tools
Dremel tools have become synonymous with precision crafting and detailed work. Their versatility makes them an essential item for many collectors, particularly those dealing with rocks and fossils. In the world of collection, where every detail matters, having the right tools can be the difference between a job well done and a missed opportunity. Dremel tools stand out not just for their functionality, but also for their ability to adapt, providing users with a reliable means to preserve and enhance their collections.
The importance of Dremel tools lies not only in their robust functionality but also in how they empower collectors. Whether one is drilling, carving, or polishing, these tools provide the finesse required to handle delicate materials. With an array of attachments and bits, Dremels enhance the collector's toolkit, turning what may seem like a daunting task into a manageable and engaging process.
Additionally, understanding the history of Dremel offers valuable context on their development and refinement over time, which ultimately influences their performance today.
"A craftsman is only as good as his tools" - a timeless phrase that rings particularly true in the realm of collecting.
Whether you’re an emerging enthusiast or a seasoned collector, grasping the benefits and considerations of Dremel tools is key to unlocking the best practices for your collecting journey.
History of Dremel
The roots of Dremel can be traced back to 1932 when a young inventor named Albert J. Dremel founded the company in Racine, Wisconsin. He started with the idea of creating a small yet powerful rotary tool that could perform a variety of tasks. Over decades, the brand evolved, with the tool being constantly improved and refined to meet the changing needs of craftsmen and hobbyists. Introduced in 1956, the Dremel rotary tool captured the imagination of do-it-yourselfers everywhere, becoming a household name. As technology advanced, so did the tools, incorporating new features and attachments tailored to different applications.
Today, the Dremel brand represents decades of innovation, and its tools are trusted by professionals and hobbyists alike. Collectors, particularly of geological specimens, benefit greatly from the advancements made since the inception of the Dremel rotary tool.
The Dremel family has continued to innovate, ensuring their tools remain relevant in an ever-changing market, thereby sustaining a legacy that continues to influence crafting, collecting, and DIY communities worldwide.
Importance of Dremel in Collecting
For rock and fossil collectors, Dremel tools offer capabilities that cannot be overlooked. These tools allow for precision work on delicate specimens, ensuring they can be showcased or preserved without damage. When it comes to handling rocks and fossils, the right tool can make a significant impact on how these items are managed and displayed.
When collectors embark on the restoration of specimens, the Dremel's adaptability plays a crucial role. For instance, polishing roughened edges or cleaning intricate details on fossil specimens can enhance their appearance and overall value. This is where understanding the specific features of different Dremel models becomes essential.
Furthermore, the application of Dremel tools in the field of collecting goes beyond mere practical use. The sense of accomplishment from using a craft to enhance your collection cannot be understated. Tools like Dremel spark creativity and enable collectors to engage intimately with their treasures. They transform simple collecting into a craft, where care, technique, and patience merge.
As such, choosing the right Dremel model and understanding its features can provide collectors with the upper hand in presentation and preservation, which are crucial in the world of collection.
Overview of Popular Dremel Models
Understanding the various Dremel models is crucial for collectors and enthusiasts who wish to maximize their efficiency when working on rocks and fossils. Each model comes with distinct features and functionalities that cater to different needs, making it essential to assess their specifications, applications, and pros and cons.
When delving into this guide, enthusiasts will recognize that not all Dremels are built the same; some excel at fine detail work while others are designed for more robust applications. The goal here is to ensure that every user, whether they are just starting or have years of experience, finds the right tool that aligns with their project requirements.
Moreover, this section will provide insights on how each Dremel model contributes to a collector's workflow, emphasizing the importance of choosing the right tool to enhance productivity and craftsmanship.
Dremel Lite
Specifications
The Dremel Lite stands out with its lightweight design, making it an excellent introduction for those new to Dremel tools. Weighing in at approximately one pound, this model is portable and easy to handle, making it less daunting for beginners. One of its most compelling specifications is the 7,200 to 15,000 RPM variable speed adjustment, allowing users to adapt the tool to various tasks, from finer engraving to more robust sanding. The Dremel Lite is compatible with multiple attachments, ensuring versatility in its applications.
Applications for Collectors
For rock and fossil collectors, the Dremel Lite offers unique benefits. It is particularly beneficial for small-scale projects such as polishing delicate specimens or performing intricate engraving on softer stones. Its lightweight nature means less fatigue during prolonged use, making it easier for collectors to handle intricate details without straining.
Despite these advantages, the Dremel Lite may struggle with harder materials due to its lower power output compared to more robust models. Therefore, while it excels in portability, users might need another tool for heavier tasks.
Pros and Cons
The Dremel Lite has its own set of advantages and disadvantages:
- Pros:
- Cons:
- Lightweight and easy to use.
- Variable speed for versatility.
- Good for fine detail work.
- Not ideal for tough materials.
- Limited power compared to other Dremel models.
This makes it a popular choice for collectors who focus on softer minerals.
Dremel
Specifications
Next, we have the Dremel 3000, which boasts more power than the Lite, operating between 5,000 and 35,000 RPM. This broader range allows for more flexibility in handling diverse projects. One significant specification to note is its compatibility with over 150 Dremel accessories, making it incredibly adaptable for various applications, from sanding to cutting.
Applications for Collectors
Collectors often find the Dremel 3000 particularly useful for moderate to intricate projects. Whether shaping a rock specimen or engraving a fossil, its robust performance can handle a good range of materials. The model also includes a contoured grip, aiding comfort during long periods of use, which is appreciated by those who might spend hours on a single piece.
However, users should be aware that the motor can be quite powerful, which may lead to unintentional damage if the user is not focused.
Pros and Cons
The pros and cons of the Dremel 3000 include:
- Pros:
- Cons:
- Higher power for demanding tasks.
- Numerous accessory compatibility.
- Ergonomic design for comfort.
- Might be intimidating for complete beginners.
- Can generate heat with prolonged use.
For collectors looking for a balance between ease of use and power, the 3000 is a reliable choice.
Dremel
Specifications
The Dremel 4000 elevates the performance further, featuring a powerful 1.6-amp motor with precision control. With its speed ranging from 5,000 to 35,000 RPM, this model is geared for heavy-duty use. Additionally, the inclusion of an electronic feedback mechanism ensures consistent performance even under load, addressing the common issue of power drops.
Applications for Collectors
As a collector, the Dremel 4000 is ideal for ambitious projects that require both finesse and robustness. It excels in carving, cutting, and grinding, making it a favorite for those who work on hard rocks or try elaborate fossil restoration. The precision of this model allows users to achieve intricate details without compromising on power.
That said, its weight and power could be overwhelming for those not accustomed to using high-performance tools.
Pros and Cons
The Dremel 4000's strengths and weaknesses include:
- Pros:
- Cons:
- Powerful motor with consistent performance.
- Excellent for heavy-duty tasks.
- Versatile across a wide range of applications.
- Heavier and bulkier than previous models.
- Price point may deter beginners.
For seasoned collectors, the Dremel 4000 presents an excellent investment, offering strong performance for serious projects.
Dremel
Specifications
The Dremel 7700, a compact and battery-operated option, serves well for minor tasks and is designed for quick jobs. Its battery can last notable time, giving collectors the freedom to work without being tethered to a power source.
With 7,200 to 15,000 RPM, it is not as powerful as corded models, but this limitation is made up for by its portability.
Applications for Collectors
For collectors, the Dremel 7700 is particularly advantageous when performing small touch-ups on rocks or fossils. It is ideal for situations where mobility is important, such as outdoor expeditions or temporary setups. However, limited power might hinder its effectiveness when dealing with tougher materials.
Pros and Cons
The pros and cons of the Dremel 7700 are as follows:
- Pros:
- Cons:
- Battery-operated for convenience.
- Light and portable.
- Good for small tasks and touch-ups.
- Limited power for rigorous tasks.
- Battery life may require planning for extensive projects.
In summary, the Dremel 7700 is an excellent companion for on-the-go collectors, but it may not be the primary tool for more challenging tasks.
Dremel Accessories and Attachments
Dremel tools are often lauded not just for their ingenuity but also for their adaptability. The accessories and attachments that accompany these popular rotary tools can significantly amplify their utility and functionality. For rock and fossil collectors, these extra tools are not mere add-ons; they are essential companions that can turn a good Dremel into a great one. In essence, knowing how to utilize the right accessories and attachments can make the difference between an average project and a truly remarkable piece of craftsmanship.
Common Attachments for Enhanced Functionality
When it comes to enhancing the capabilities of Dremel tools, several attachments stand out. Each one serves a unique purpose tailored for specific tasks, especially valuable to a collector focused on delicate materials. Here’s a detailed rundown of some common attachments:
- Cutting Wheels: These are a game changer for slicing through tougher rock materials. With the right cutting wheel, you can tackle everything from soft limestone to harder granite.
- Diamond Bits: Esteemed for their precision, diamond bits are ideal for detailed engraving and grinding, allowing enthusiasts to add personal inscriptions on fossil specimens.
- Sandpaper Discs: Perfect for smoothing and finishing touches, these discs help refine surfaces, ensuring that your finds don’t just look good but also feel good in hand.
- Polishing Accessories: No collector wants rough edges on their prized pieces. Polishing pads can bring out the luster hiding beneath the surface, enhancing the overall appeal of the collectibles.
- Flex Shaft: If intricate detailing is on your agenda, then consider using a flex shaft attachment, enabling finer control and reaching nooks and crannies that a standard rotary tool can't.
Utilizing these attachments efficiently can transform your workflow, making tasks simpler and outcomes more professional.
Selecting the Right Bit
Choosing the right bit may feel daunting given the variety available. However, understanding the purpose and function of each can streamline decision-making. For collectors, this becomes even more significant because the right bit can preserve the integrity of delicate finds. Here’s what to bear in mind when selecting a bit:
- Material Compatibility: Ensure that the bit you choose matches the rock or fossil type. For instance, softer materials can often be worked on with general-purpose bits, while tougher stones may require specially designed diamond or carbide bits.
- Task Specificity: Are you engraving, cutting, or polishing? Bits are classified for these tasks, often labeled as such. For precision cutting, opt for sharper bits; for shaping, more rounded bits might serve better.
- Size Matters: The diameter of bits could also drastically affect your work. A smaller bit allows for detailed work but may be slower; larger bits may speed up the process but at the cost of lack of precision.
A practical suggestion: It may be useful to keep a set of various sizes and types on hand. By doing so, you equip yourself to tackle a wide range of projects without the worry of switching back and forth too often.
"Investing in the right Dremel accessories and understanding their uses can make your collecting hobby exponentially more enjoyable and productive."
By paying close attention to the available accessories and making careful selections for your bits, your Dremel becomes more than just a tool; it becomes a robust partner in your collecting journey.
Comparative Analysis of Dremel Models
A comparative analysis of Dremel models is essential for collectors who seek to make informed purchasing decisions. The Dremel tools range from lightweight, beginner-friendly options to robust, multi-functional devices that cater to experienced users. Analyzing different models not only helps in pinpointing the unique features and capabilities of each, but also lays bare the practical implications of their specifications.
When navigating the intricacies of various Dremel options, collectors must consider performance, efficiency, and how well each model aligns with their specific cutting, grinding, or polishing needs. This exploration supports users in optimizing their efforts in rock and fossil collection, ensuring they choose the right tool for the job.
Performance Metrics
Performance metrics are a critical aspect of comparing Dremel models. These metrics offer collectors insight into the technical capabilities of each tool, thereby enabling precise evaluations based on project requirements. Key performance points to assess include:
- RPM (Revolutions Per Minute): A higher RPM typically allows for quicker grinding or cutting tasks. Models like the Dremel 4000 shine in this area, often touted for their high-speed versatility.
- Motor Power: The strength of the motor directly affects productivity and the ability of the tool to handle various materials. For instance, a model with a powerful motor can tackle tougher stones or dense fossils without faltering.
- Battery Life: For cordless models, battery performance is crucial. Extended battery life means less downtime during projects, allowing collectors to work more efficiently.
"Performance isn’t just about power; it's about how well a tool meets your unique needs in different scenarios."
By assessing these metrics, collectors can select a Dremel model that not only meets their workload but also aligns with their expertise level.
User Experience Considerations
User experience is another pivotal element when analyzing Dremel models. This encompasses not just the physical handling of the tool, but also the ergonomic design, ease of use, and the overall satisfaction derived from operating the tool. Some elements to evaluate include:
- Weight and Balance: A tool that is too heavy can lead to fatigue during extended use, particularly when working on intricate tasks.
- Vibration Management: Tools that exemplify good vibration control are often more comfortable to handle, reducing user strain during prolonged operations.
- Noise Levels: Quieter models may be preferable, especially in residential areas, allowing users to work without disturbing others.
For example, the Dremel 7700 is appreciated for its compact design and lighter weight, making it easier to manipulate for prolonged periods. Collectors often share their tactile experiences through platforms like reddit.com, discussing how a particular model felt in hand while conducting detailed work.
The balance of performance metrics and user experience creates a compelling narrative, allowing collectors to choose a Dremel model that not only executes the job effectively but also feels comfortable and intuitive to use. Keeping these factors in mind can significantly enhance the journey of any collector looking to maximize their tool investment.
Choosing the Right Dremel Model for Collectors
Selecting the right Dremel model is a crucial endeavor for collectors, particularly those who specialize in rocks and fossils. The variety of Dremel tools available means that making an informed decision can have a direct impact on both the efficiency and enjoyment of your hobby. Whether you are shaping your prized specimens or performing delicate polishing work, the choice of tool can greatly shift your collecting experience.
When considering which Dremel model fits best into your arsenal, one must examine several factors. Each model comes equipped with its unique features tailored to various applications, and knowing these can help avoid the frustrations that arise from mismatched tools.
Factors to Consider
Choosing the right Dremel model isn't as simple as picking a name off a shelf. There are several essential factors to weigh:
- Power and Speed: Different models offer varying power levels and speed settings. For heavier-duty tasks, a more powerful model like the Dremel 4000 can provide the necessary torque. On the other hand, lighter, more controlled models like the Dremel Lite might be suitable for intricate details.
- Weight and Ergonomics: For those long hours spent in the workshop, a lightweight model with a comfortable grip can make a world of difference. A Dremel model that feels like a natural extension of your hand will help reduce fatigue.
- Versatility: Examine what attachments and accessories come with the model. Some are more adaptable than others, which can be a game changer when switching between tasks like carving, engraving, or grinding.
- Price vs. Investment: While it might be tempting to opt for a cheaper model, consider the long-term value. An investment in a more versatile and robust tool will likely pay off in the longevity and quality of your collected specimens.
Matching Models to Collecting Needs
Understanding what you specifically need for your collection will further refine your choices. Rock and fossil collectors come with their unique sets of challenges and requirements.
- For Geology Enthusiasts: Models like the Dremel 3000 with adjustable speeds are excellent for precision work in cutting and shaping mineral specimens. It provides the flexibility to handle softer materials delicately while also accommodating harder inserts when necessary.
- For Fossil Collectors: A model like the Dremel 4000, with its powerful motor, works wonders for fossil preparation. It can tackle tough fossils embedded in rock or rough matrix, making the extraction process not just easier but also much more efficient.
- Hobbyists vs. Professionals: Beginners may want a user-friendly model like the Dremel Lite that offers straightforward operation for commonplace tasks. More seasoned collectors might find that investing in high-performance models can significantly enhance their ability to work on larger projects or complicated fossil restoration efforts.
"The right tools can transform a good collection into a remarkable one. Choosing wisely fosters not just efficiency, but passion for the pursuit."
Ultimately, thorough consideration of these factors fosters not just practicality but a deeper connection to the tools and the specimens they help refine. Knowing your specific needs, along with the features and strengths of different Dremel models, ensures that your collecting experience is enriched, rather than hindered.
Care and Maintenance of Dremel Tools
Taking proper care of Dremel tools is paramount for ensuring their longevity and efficient performance. Maintenance not only enhances the lifespan of these versatile devices but also ensures they work effectively, even under regular usage. For rock and fossil collectors, a well-maintained Dremel tool can mean the difference between successfully completing intricate work or facing frustrating setbacks. Investing time in maintenance helps avoid common pitfalls, leading to better outcomes in precision tasks.
General Maintenance Practices
Maintaining your Dremel tool doesn’t have to be a grueling task. Here are some straightforward practices to keep your tool in peak condition:
- Regular Cleaning: After every use, it’s important to remove dust and debris from your Dremel. Using a soft brush or compressed air can help dislodge particles from the tool’s crevices.
- Lubricate Moving Parts: Every so often, applying a drop of oil to the motor and rotating parts can keep everything running smoothly. Make sure to use light machine oil for this task.
- Inspect Power Cords and Plugs: Check for frays, cuts, or signs of wear. A damaged power cord can not only impede performance but also add a risk of electrocution.
- Store Properly: When not in use, store your Dremel in a clean, dry space away from moisture. A protective case can prevent accidental damage and ensure all parts remain intact.
- Regularly Check Accessories: Over time, bits can wear down or become damaged. Regularly inspect your attachments and replace them when necessary to maintain performance.
By following these general maintenance practices, collectors can enhance the efficiency of their Dremel tools, enabling precise and effective work when crafting or restoring specimens.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Even with the best of care, tools can sometimes throw a curveball. Here’s how to troubleshoot a few common issues:
- Dremel Won’t Turn On: First, check the power outlet. If the outlet works, inspect the power cord and switch for damages. Sometimes, simply letting the tool sit and resetting it can resolve the issue.
- Overheating: If your Dremel is overheating, it may be overworked. Allow it to cool down before using it again. Also, ensure there’s enough airflow; don’t operate it in confined spaces.
- Vibration or Unusual Noise: This might indicate a loose or damaged attachment. Turn off the tool, inspect the bits, and tighten or replace them if needed.
- Inconsistent Speed: If your tool's speed seems off, check the speed control settings. If that’s not the culprit, ensure there’s no debris blocking the ventilation ports.
“> A well-maintained Dremel not only performs better but also enhances the overall experience of collecting.
Understanding these maintenance practices and troubleshooting techniques can save both time and frustration. A little diligence goes a long way in maintaining a versatile tool like the Dremel.
User Testimonials and Experiences
Understanding the perspectives of users, be it novices or seasoned collectors, provides valuable insight into how each Dremel model performs in real-world scenarios. Testimonials often shine a light on usability, durability, and overall satisfaction. For rock and fossil collectors, the experiences shared by other users can highlight not just the effectiveness of a Dremel tool but also its suitability for specific collection types.
When evaluating Dremel tools, it is crucial to consider these firsthand accounts as they can offer nuanced information that specifications alone might not cover. Collectors may benefit from learning about others’ experiences with challenges in certain models, helpful attachments, or even tips on care and maintenance. This rich tapestry of user insights forms a bridge from theoretical information to practical application.
Beginner Insights
For those just dipping their toes into the world of rock and fossil collecting, testimonials often underscore the learning curve associated with Dremel tools. Many newcomers express feelings of intimidation when first using power tools, but user accounts frequently emphasize how simple and intuitive Dremel models can be. For instance, a user recounts their initial hesitance with the Dremel Lite, noting, “I was worried I'd mess up, but the ease of control made it feel like an extension of my hand.”
Furthermore, beginners often benefit from collective advice on choosing the right bits, understanding tool adjustments, and recognizing the most favorable speeds for their projects.
- User Rating: Most beginners rank the Dremel 3000 highly due to its balance of power and manageability.
- Practical Tip: Many suggest starting with the basic attachments to familiarize before investing in specialized tools.
The support offered in forums and communities, such as Reddit’s r/fossilcollecting, provides a safety net for beginners, allowing them to ask questions and receive guidance based on shared experiences.
Expert Opinions
While beginner insights are invaluable, expert testimonials add another dimension of understanding. Seasoned collectors often have a wealth of knowledge about various Dremel models and their long-term performance. Experts frequently highlight the Dremel 4000 for its robust capabilities and versatility, with one saying, “For detailed work on fragile fossils, nothing beats the precision of the 4000.”
In expert discussions, several points emerge repeatedly that are particularly relevant:
- Performance Consistency: Experienced users often note that the build quality of Dremel tools impacts longevity, influencing their recommendations.
- Customization and Accessories: Experts often emphasize the importance of using the right accessories, explaining how certain attachments yield better results in specific tasks.
“A well-placed attachment can turn a basic tool into a specialist’s favorite.” — A seasoned collector
Engaging in dialogue with experts often happens through dedicated online platforms or trade shows, where users can learn about enhancements and advancements in technology that will shape future collections. This sharing of knowledge fosters a community that assists in honing the skills required for detailed work in fossil collecting, ultimately elevating the experience for all users.
Culmination
In the world of rock and fossil collecting, the tools you choose can make the difference between a great find and a mediocre one. The conclusion of this guide ties together the insights gleaned from the various Dremel models, illustrating their unique traits and the implications these have on user experience and functionality. It serves as a reminder that investing time into understanding these instruments is as crucial as selecting the right specimens to enhance your collection.
Final Recommendations
When it comes to choosing the right Dremel model, collectors should reflect on their specific needs before anything else. Here are some tips to keep in mind:
- Assess Your Projects: Consider what kind of work you'll be doing most often. For detailed work on softer materials, the Dremel Lite may be suitable. For tougher tasks, the Dremel 4000 will handle the heavier lift with grace.
- Prioritize Versatility: If your collecting involves variety across materials, look into models that offer a rich array of attachments. The Dremel 3000, noted for its wide compatibility, could provide the flexibility necessary for diverse projects.
- Budget Wisely: Remember that price often reflects performance. Plan a budget that not only meets your immediate needs but also allows for future expansions, especially if you are looking to grow your collection.
It's imperative to do thorough research and potentially ask fellow collectors or forums, such as those on Reddit or specialized Facebook groups, for real-world insights. The Dremel tool you select can ultimately empower or hinder your collecting journey.
Looking Towards Future Models
The evolution of Dremel tools suggests that future models may continue to integrate modern technology to enhance user experience. Innovations such as smart connectivity, adjustable speeds, and even automated features could be on the horizon. The market is moving towards tools that not only perform tasks better but are also more user-friendly for all skill levels.
- Smart Technology: Just as smartphones simplify our lives, we might see Dremels incorporating advanced features that provide feedback or suggest adjustments based on user activity.
- Sustainability Focus: Expect to see more eco-friendly models that use sustainable materials and energy-saving designs, addressing the modern collector’s awareness of environmental impact.
- Community Input: Dremel may tap into the collective wisdom of its user base for future designs, ensuring that the tools made are not only innovative but also tailored to the diverse needs of collectors worldwide.
Investing in the right tools now ensures that your collecting experience is smooth sailing.
For more information about Dremel tools and their uses in collecting, consider visiting Wikipedia or Britannica for more technical details.
